Questions to ask Sarah

1. How did you find out about the Revolution? 
2. Did you go on strike on April 6th?
3. What did you think of the crowd?
4. Did you ever think of going on strike before you found out about it?
5. Did any of your family disagree with you?
6. Did any of your family go to the Revolution with you?
7. Did you get hurt?
8. Did you ever think you were going to get hurt?
9. Were you scared of the police?
10. What did you think about Hosni Mubarak?

Egypt: President and Revolution

Hosni Mubarak:

• He is the forth president of Egypt. 
• Has been in office for 30 years. 
• He resigned February 11th.
• Have elections but you can't form another political party. 
• The people can't vote.
• Not allowed to go against president through tv and newspaper.
• People got there word out through YouTube, Facebook, and twitter.
• Wanted to get rid of president because they allowed torture. 

Revolution in Cairo:

• April 6th Movement
• used Facebook and YouTube to go on strike
• April 6th 2008 was when they went on strike
• Go on strike because government can torture/beat you
• It was supposed to be a peaceful revolution, but if someone starts throwing rocks the police have an excuse to beat them.
• Jan. 25th they went on strike again 
• Jan. 25th is a holiday called police day 
• Thousands of people have joined the revolution 
• Named the day the Day of Rage (Jan. 25th)
• Police use tear gas and shoot guns

Egypt

Today in class we watched a video about the problem in Egypt. It's about a girl named Gigi  Ibrahim. Her family is part of the Egyptian elite. Gigi is fighting for her country but her family doesn't understand, they think she is against Egypt. Gigi says that some people like herself have never seen another regime/president before and she thinks that it should change. People are protesting and Gigi believes that it will never die out. People are fighting on the streets and blood is everywhere. Gigi is becoming a celebrity. She was been filmed a couple of times and is going to be on the Time magazine. The protest has grown and what Gigi has been fighting for has happened. The president resigned but the protest will continue, but for now the Gigi's Revolution is over. 

My Mummy Song

Chorus:

In Ancient Egypt the pharaohs ruled,

When they died they must move on.

They believed in life after the other,

And that there was only one way to get there.

They called it mummifying,  

And it took a long time.

There are many steps,

And here’s how they go.

First comes the body being washed and dried.

Next comes the organs being cut out and fried.

They placed them in jars,

 with heads of a person, a falcon, a baboon, and a jackal.

Chorus:

In Ancient Egypt the pharaohs ruled,

When they died they must move on.

They believed in life after the other,

And that there was only one way to get there.

The steps continue with the hook.

It was used to remove what helps you think.

It was thought unimportant and thrown away.

Next the body was placed on a table,

They let it lay there for forty days.

With it shriveled and stuffed,

They wrapped with cloths about twenty times.

They placed gold and valuables while wrapping,

It was then ready for the funeral.

Chorus:

In Ancient Egypt the pharaohs ruled,

When they died they must move on.

They believed in life after the other,

And that there was only one way to get there.

They were transported by sled.

People were hired to mourn by crying,

They threw dust in their hair to show their grief.

The most expensive funerals belong to the pharaohs.

Now most of them are gone by grave robbers and vandals.

Chorus:

In Ancient Egypt the pharaohs ruled,

When they died they must move on.

They believed in life after the other,

And that there was only one way to get there.

Egypt: Mummies

• When a person dies, people try to preserve the body by mummifying them
• It was long and expensive process
• It took about seventy days

Step by step:

• First, they washed the body in a river
• Second, they removed the vital organs and put them in jars.
• They dried them out and wrapped them 
• They put the intestines in a jar with the head of a falcon
• They put the stomach in a jar with the head of a jackal 
• They put the lungs in a jar with the head of a baboon
• They put the liver in a jar with the head of a human
• They used a hook to remove the brain. The Egyptians found the brain unimportant so they probably threw it away
• They put the body on a table and let it dry out for forty days
• Then, they stuffed the head and body with packing
• The mummy was then prepared for bandaging
• It was wrapped with about 20 layers
• while wrapping they put gold and nice things in it
• the mummy was finally ready for the funeral 
• pharaohs had the nicest funerals 
• the body and the jars were transported to the tomb by a sled 
• people were hired to show their grief by crying and throwing dust on their hair
• they held religious ceremonies to prepare the dead for afterlife
• the Opening of the Mouth ceremony is said to allow the person to see, hear, eat and drink in the afterlife
• mummification is sometimes so well done that you can tell what the person looked like
• mummies can be dried out by extreme cold, the sun, smoke, or using chemicals
• They believe that mummification ensured a safe passage to afterlife

Essay Question

A. Describe the transition of hunter-gathers to framers.

      About 10 thousand years ago a group living in the Middle East, the fertile crescent, discovered farming. Before then they were hunter-gathers. Hunter-gathers are people who hunt and gather their food and when the food is all gone they move. They discovered that there was no more need to travel. They could make homes and control everything around them. They were one of the first to discover farming.

      They started to domesticate the plants and animals around them. They discovered that with the crops they had, wheat, rice, and barley, they could plant many seeds, get lots of nutrition, and store the food for long periods of time. It was all geographic luck. Only a few places discovered this farming on their own.

       A couple years later the middle east's climate changed. It started to get dry and could no longer farm there. So they moved. This is how farming spread. They to Europe which spread to North America then to South America, it spread all over. Now with all these people farming new and easier ways came out to farm. They discovered that with the power of  horses and ox they could plow more places which came with more food. They came the cows and goats which give you milk. Sheep which give you wool. Now they have tractors and other vehicles, so there is no longer any need for animals. Who knows what's next.

Guns, Germs, and Steel 5

The Middle East was so geographically blessed. They called the Middle East the Fertile crescent. The fertile crescent had the best crops and animals  of the time. They had started the first civilization with the planting of wheat and the herding of goats. The villages grew which meant more people and more food. With all these people and food they were able to create knew skills. These new skills leaded to fire and the first step to making steel. New Guinea never developed advanced technology. Some people are still using the stone tools they did centuries ago. To be able to create metal tools there had to be enough food for everyone, but there was not. They still survived but they spend to much time and energy feeding themselves to do anything else. After 1,000 years living in the Middle East the place was abandoned. The climate was to dry and the ecology was to fragile. People were destroying the environment. Entire communities were forced to move, but geography was still on their side. There were so many place for farming to spread. Mostly they were places on the same latitude because those places will usually have the same climate, vegetation, and length of day. They began to transform human society. New Guinea was not one of the places that they moved too because it was an island. New Guinea also couldn't go any where because the places were to long and they had nothing to exchange. Soon every place had enough food to feed everyone. In the 16th century everything was taken to America. People all around are all similar. New Guinea didn't develop the same because they didn't have the same things. That doesn't means that everyone in New Guinea are living the same way they did thousands of years ago. They are still making their way up slowly.

New Guinea Facts

1. New Guinea is the second largest island in the world. 
2. The population is about 6,064,51. 
3. The religions are 27% Roman Catholic, 19.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 11.5% United Church, 10% Seventh-Day Adventist, 8.6% Pentecostal, 5.2% Evangelical Alliance, 3.2% Anglican, 2.5% Baptist, 8.9% other Protestant, 0.3% Bahai, 3.3% indigenous beliefs and other.  
4. The urbanization is 12%. 
5. The unemployment is 1.8%.
6. The literacy rate is 57.3%.
7. Tok Pisin, English, and Hiri Motu are official languages; some 860 indigenous languages spoken. 
8. Papua, New Guinea has several thousand separate communities; divided by language, customs, and tradition, some of these communities have engaged in low-scale tribal conflict with their neighbors for millennia.
9. Capital is Port Moresby.
10. Population below the poverty line is 37%. 

Guns, Germs, and Steel 4

Today in class we didn't get much of the video done but what we did see was about domesticated animals. Jared Diamond researched that their are about 148  large animals that weigh over 100 pounds that can domesticated. Out of those 148 animals their have only been fourteen animals that have been domesticated. Those fourteen animals are goats, sheep, pigs, cows, horses, donkeys, 2 kinds of camels, water buffalo, llamas, reindeer, yaks, mithuns, bali cattle. People have tried to domesticate the elephant but you would need to grow a lot of food just to feed it. These fourteen are the only animals capable of living on a farm and working with humans. The llama was found from South America, but all the other thirteen animals were found in parts of the middle east, Europe, and Asia.

Guns, Germs, and Steel 3

Today and class we continued watching Guns, Germs, and Steel. We learned that hunter gathers have a disadvantage. The disadvantages are that they barely have any time to hunt and they don't get enough food for everyone. New Guinea people were some of the earliest farmers. Only a few places found farming independently. Those places are China, America, and Africa. After people discovered farming civilization followed. New Guineans were no less talented than all China, America, and Africa, but then how are they still like they were thousands of years ago. New Guineans don't get much protein out of their crops. They have bananas, taro roots, and sago tree. Sometimes they even have to eat giant spiders to gain some more protein. Jared was saying that it was a geographic luck but there had to be something else other than farming. There was, animal domestication. Humans found a way to control how animals breed, feed, and even where they go. Animals are very useful. Goats and sheep were some of the first animals to be domesticated. Goats are good for their milk, meat, and fur. Sheep are good for their wool and meat. Next came ox, cow, and horses. They helped with farming even more. Ox and horses could pull plows to plant and grow more crops for more people. Why didn't New Guinea have all of this? It is all because of geographic luck. New Guinea has no useful animals. All they is the pig, which is only good for meat and even that didn't come from New Guinea.