(a) Consuls- commanded the army and directed the government; power of life and death over citizens in wartime & great powers in peacetime as well.
(b) Veto- means "I forbid" in Latin
(c) Senate- aristocratic branch of Rome's government; membership for life; plebeians could be members.
(d) Assembly- democratic side of Roman government; all citizen-soldiers were members
(e) Dictator- a leader who had absolute power to make laws & command the army; power lasted 6 months; chosen by consuls & elected by senate.
(f) Mercenary- soldier who fights in any country's army for pay
Q & A’s:
1. (a) Why were many plebeians dissatisfied with Rome's government in the early years of the republic?
They couldn't make important decisions like commanding armies, serving as high priests, or holding high offices.
(b) How did they win reforms?
They refused to fight in the Roman army.
(c) What changes did they bring about in Roman government?
The Twelve Tables.
2. Why did Romans consider that they had a balanced government?
Their government was partly a monarchy, partly an aristocracy, and partly a democracy.
3. Once Rome had conquered most of Italy, how did the Roman government win the support of the conquered people?
By giving them the status of half-citizens and all rights except voting.
4. (a) At the start of the Punic Wars, why might Carthage have appeared the stronger power?
(a) Carthage was three times the size of Rome; huge navy, very wealthy, & had mercenaries.
(b) Why was Rome, in fact, the victor?
(b) draw on a reserve of more than 500,000 troops; troops more loyal & reliable; warfare was Rome's specialty.
5. Why was the Battle of Zarma a major turning point in history?
Because if Rome would not have won its laws, government, & culture would not have been passed down to West Civ.
6. (a) Why did the Greeks at first welcome Roman armies?
(a) Rome freed them from the rule of Philip V of Macedon.
(b) Why did the Greek attitude change?
(b) Rome interfered in Greek politics, crushing all opposition to rulers favored by Rome.
